01 AVERAGE-RISK SCREENING USPSTF [1] Ages 40-74: mammography every 2 years. Age 75+: evidence is insufficient; individualize. 2D mammography or 3D tomosynthesis may be used. American Cancer Society [2] 40-44: option for annual mammograms. 45-54: annual mammograms. 55+: every 2 years or continue annually. Continue while in good health with a life expectancy of at least 10 years. Guidelines differ. Use shared decision-making; document the guideline, benefits, false positives, and overdiagnosis discussed. 02 IDENTIFY HIGHER RISK Ask about both maternal and paternal cancer history and ages at diagnosis; known pathogenic variants; prior chest radiation; personal breast cancer, atypia, or LCIS; and previous biopsies/imaging. ACS high risk [2]: annual MRI plus mammography, usually beginning at 30, for lifetime risk about 20%-25% or greater, BRCA1/2 variants, an untested first-degree relative of a carrier, or chest radiation before 30. Specialist plans may start earlier. Refer for formal risk assessment/genetic counseling when indicated. Prior cancer or high-risk lesions require an individualized surveillance plan. 03 DENSE BREASTS + EXAM Dense tissue raises risk and can obscure cancer. USPSTF finds insufficient evidence for routine supplemental ultrasound/MRI after a negative mammogram; assess overall risk. [1] Teach breast awareness. ACS does not recommend routine clinical breast exam for average-risk screening; symptoms still require a focused exam. [2] 04 ASK + EXAMINE Ask: onset, progression, focal vs diffuse pain, cyclicity, pregnancy/lactation, trauma, prior changes, and last imaging/results. For discharge: spontaneous or expressed, one or both breasts, single or multiple ducts, and color. Examine: symmetry, contour, skin and nipples; palpate both breasts and regional nodes. Document a mass by clock position, distance from nipple, size, borders, mobility, tenderness, and associated skin changes. 05 RED FLAGS: PROMPT WORKUP New dominant mass or focal thickening, especially hard, irregular, or fixed. Cancer may also be soft, mobile, or painful. [3]